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The United States 

OF 

America 






Through the Stereoscope 



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Underwood & Underwood 






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UMTEDSTATEGTOUR, MAP NO. 1 




SECTIONAL MAP 

NO. 3 

STEREOGRAPHS 

NOS. 73-75 

SECTIONAL MAP 

NO.4 

STEREOGRAPHS 

NOS. 92IOO 

SECTIONAL MAP 

NO. 2 

STEREOGRAPHS 

NOS. 1-13 



(1) The red line with arrows s hows the general route along which the places to b 

(2) The rectangles in red. [^ i shows the boundaries of a special map on a 
:i runs from each rectangle. 

C3l The other red lines mark out the territory shown in the respective stereogra 



specified on the map margin at the end of the fine lin 



EXPLANATIONS OF MAP SYSTEM. 

!5' The apex I < >, or point from wh 



s of the stereographed scene, viz. , the limits of our vision on the right and left when looking at the 
t can be seen better and a zigzag line runs to the apex to which it refers. 



HHI il ■, j ._.,. _ . 



THE 

United States of America ' J 

Through the Stereoscope 



ONE HUNDRED OUTLOOKS FROM SUCCESSIVE 

STANDPOINTS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE 

WORLD'S GREATEST REPUBLIC 



%i And for your country, boy, and for that 
flag, never dream a dream but of serving 
her as she bids you. Remember that be- 
hind all these men you have to do with, 
behind officers and government and people, 
even, there is the country herself, your 
country, and that you belong to her as you 
belong to your own mother. Stand by her, 
boy, as you would stand by your mother." 

—Edward Everett Hale 



UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD 

NEW YORK 
Ottawa, Kansas Toronto. Canada 

San Francisco, Cal, Bombay, India London, England 






LIBRARY of 0OK3RF.SS 
Two Copies Received 

MAY 12 1904 

Copyright Entry 

CLAS& 1 ft.XXc.No. 

y>*7 Li 

COPY B 



Copyright, 1904 

By Underwood & Underwood 

New York and London 

( Entered at Stationers' Hall ) 



Stereographs copyrighted in the United States 
and foreign countries 



MAP SYSTEM 

Patented in the United States, August 21, 1900 
Patented in Great Britain, March 22, 1900 
Patented in France, March 26, 1900. S. G. D. G. 
Switzerland, X Patent Nr. 21,211 
Patents applied for in other countries 



All rights reserved 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Seeing through Stereographs i 9 

ITINERARY. 

i. Washington Monument (555 feet high), from northwest, 

across one of the Fish Ponds, Washington, D. C 16 

2. From Washington Monument north, the White House, 

Treasury, and State, War and Navy Building, Wash- 
ington, D. C I 7 

3. From Washington Monument east, over Agricultural 

Grounds and Smithsonian Institute, to the Capitol and 
Congressional Library, Washington, D. C 17 

4. Pennsylvania Avenue, from the Treasury northeast, to the 

United States Capitol, Washington, D. C 17 

5. United States Capitol, Washington, D. C 17 

6. A touching tribute to McKinley's memory— Secretary 

Hay's Eulogy in the House of Representatives, Wash- 
ington, D. C l8 

7. The magnificent new Congressional Library— the most 

spacious book repository in the world— Washington, 

D. C • l8 

8. Grand staircase— Congressional Library— Washington, 

D. C .-;• l8 

9. The White House, the historic residence of the Nation's 

Chief, north front, Washington, D. C 19 

10. The East Room, where Presidential Receptions are held— 

White House— Washington, D. C 19 

11. President Roosevelt signing bills, White House, Wash- 

ington, D. C J 9 

12. Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, at home in the White House, 

Washington, D. C 2° 

13. General Robert E. Lee's old home, Arlington, Va. 20 



|. ITINERARY. 

PAGE 

14. Home of Washington, preserved in memory of the Re- 

public's founder, Mount Vernon, Va 20 

15. Tomb of America's greatest citizen, Washington, at Mount 

Vernon, Va 20 

16. One of Nature's curious structures — the famous Natural 

Bridge, Rockbridge County, Virginia 21 

17. In the great pine forests of the South — gathering crude 

turpentine — North Carolina 21 

18. A rice raft, South Carolina 22 

19. Where the Civil War began — Fort Sumter and distant 

Cotton Mills, Columbia, S. C 22 

20. In the great spinning room — 104,000 spindles — Olympian 

mainland to right, Charleston, S. C 22 

21. Cotton is King, Plantation Scene, Georgia 23 

22. The greatest resin market in the world — loading ocean 

vessels — Savannah, Ga , 23 

22,. Oldest House, St. Augustine, Fla 24 

24. "And the palm tree nodded to the mirror in the jungle". . 24 

25. Cocoanut trees in the white sands of Florida 24 

26. The sweetest spot on earth — Sugar Levee — New Orleans, 

La 25 

27. Confederate Signal Station, Lookout Mountain, Chat- 

tanooga, Tenn 25 

28. Street scene in the largest city of the Mississippi Valley — 

Broadway, St. Louis, Mo 26 

29. $10,000,000 Bridge over Mississippi, St. Louis, Mo. — 2,500 

feet long, arches 60 feet above water 26 

30. Inclines to the copper mines, Metcalf, Arizona 26 

31. Among the 30,000 cattle of Sierra Bonita Ranch — lassoing 

a yearling — Arizona 27 

32. A wonder to the primitive inhabitants — Santa Fe Train 

crossing Canyon Diablo, Arizona 27 

33. At breakfast — typical desert home of the Navajo Indians, 

Navajo Reservation, Arizona 28 



ITiNERARV. 5 

PAGE 

34. South to Picturesque Village of Wolpi, First Mesa, Hopi 

Indian Reservation, Arizona 28 

35. The Katchina dance to the Rain-gods, Hopi Indian Vil- 

lage, Shonghopavi, Arizona 28 

36. "The sinuous Colorado, yellow as the Tiber" — north from 

Bissell's Point, Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona 29 

37. Fathoming the depth of a vanished sea — Grand Canyon of 

Arizona, from Hance's Cove 29 

38. Beside the Colorado — looking up to Zoroaster Tower from 

Pipe Creek, Grand Canyon of Arizona 30 

39. Irrigating an orange grove, Riverside, Cal 30 

40. Avenue of Palms, Los Angeles, Cal 30 

41. A pleasant retreat from the world — Gardens of the old 

Santa Barbara Mission, Cal 31 

42. Throw your head back and look up great "Grizzly Giant" 

— largest branch 20 feet in circumference— Mariposa 
Grove, Cal 3 1 

43. Troop I, 15th U. S. Cavalry on the trunk of the "Fallen 

Monarch," Mariposa Grove, Cal 31 

44. Wawona, as we drove through it; Mariposa Grove, Cal.. 32 

45. El Capitan, a solid granite mountain (3,300 feet high), 

northwest from across the beautiful Merced River, 
Yosemite Valley, Cal 32 

46. Yosemite Falls, from Glacier Point Trail, Yosemite Val- 

ley, Cal 33 

47. Nearly a mile straight down and only a step — Glacier 

Point, Yosemite Valley, Cal 33 

48. Amidst the majestic heights and chasms of wonderful 

Yosemite Valley — from Trail northwest to North and 
Basket Domes, Cal 33 

49. Busy Market Street, of the City of the Golden Gate, San 

Francisco, Cal 34 

50. Cliff House and Seal Rocks from the Beach — showing the 

tide coming in — San Francisco, Cal 34 



) ITINERARY. 

PAGE 

51. Looking through summer-clad boughs to grand, snow- 

capped Mount Shasta (14,442 feet), California. 35 

52. Picturesque grandeur of the great Columbia River — re- 

markable "Pillars of Hercules" (west), Ore... 35 

53. Stupendous log raft, containing millions of feet — a Camp's 

year's work, profit $20,000 — Columbia River, Ore. ..... 35 

54. Brailing — taking salmon from the trap for the great can- 

neries, Puget Sound, Wash 36 

55. Evolution of sickle and flail — 33-horse-team harvester, 

threshing and sacking wheat — Walla ¥/alla,Wash 36 

56. Some of America's most famous and fast-disappearing na- 

tives — herd of wild buffalo, near Flathead Lake, Mont, . 37 

57. The most famous sight in Yellowstone Park — "Old Faith- 

ful" Geyser in action (height 180 feet, 500,000 gallons 
each eruption) 38 

58. Jupiter Terrace, Mammoth Springs Fountain — wonderful 

deposits formed by the boiling pools — Yellowstone Park 38 

59. Down the Canyon from the brink of the Great Falls, Yel- 

lowstone Park 38 

60. The Pride of the Mormons — The Temple, Salt Lake City, 

Utah 39 

61. Royal Gorge, Grand Canyon of the Arkansas, Colo 40 

62. Pike's Peak from the Peephole, Garden of the Gods, Colo. 40 

63. Balancing Rock, Garden of the Gods, Colo 40 

64. In the great corn fields of Eastern Kansas , 41 

65. Gigantic lily-leaf (Victoria Regia), used as a raft in 

charming Como Park, St. Paul, Minn 41 

66. Latest methods in man's ancient occupation — ploughing on 

a prairie farm, Illinois 42 

67. Loading a great whaleback ship at the famous grain eleva- 

tor, Chicago, 111 42 

68. State Street, Chicago, 111. (north from Adams), noon-day 

crowds on a thoroughfare 18 miles long 43 

69. Chicago River, small but of immense commercial import- 

ance (connecting Lakes with Mississippi) 43 



ITINERARY. 7 

PAGE 

70. The great Union Stock Yards, the greatest live stock mar- 

ket in the world, Chicago 43 

71. A half-mile of pork, Armour's great packing house, Chi- 

cago 44 

72. Prize Winning Sheep (thoroughbred Shropshires), in rich 

clover pasture, Southern Michigan 44 

73. The World's greatest Waterfall — Niagara from Prospect 

Point 44 

74. Wild Waters of the Great Lakes hurrying seaward, north, 

in Whirlpool Rapids, below Niagara Falls 45 

75. The great mountain of frozen spray, below the ice-bound 

American Falls, Niagara 45 

76. Source of the world's most gigantic fortunes, pumping- 

wells in the oil country, western Pennsylvania 46 

77. Steel works, Homestead, Pa.— famous source of dirt and 

dollars 46 

78. Steel works, Pittsburg, Pa. — beam of red hot steel in roll- 

ing mill, drawn out 90 feet long 46 

79. Famous Horseshoe Curve among Allegheny Mts. (2,571 

feet long, 1,200 feet across, grade 89 feet) 47 

80. Wall charged by Pickett; south to Round Top. The 

War's High Water Mark at clump of trees, Gettysburg, 
Pa 47 

81. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence 

was made in 1776, Philadelphia, Pa 47 

82. A beautiful garden Avenue in Fairmount Park, Philadel- 

phia 48 

83. Neptune's smiles — old Ocean's playful, dashing breakers, 

on the beach, Asbury Park, N. J 48 

84. The Delaware Water Gap — where the Delaware River cuts 

its bed through a mountain range 48 

85. Looking toward Newburg from Battle Monument, U. S. 

Military Academy, West Point, N. Y 49 

86. Skirmish Line Drill — Cadets, U. S. Military Academy, 

West Point, N. Y 49 



8 ITINERARY. 

PAGE 

87. Bunker Hill Monument, Boston, Mass 49 

88. The Cradle of Liberty; interior Faneuil Hall, Boston — 

scene of epoch-making meetings of two centuries 50 

89. Under the Elms, Boston Common 50 

90. Stately old Craigie House, Cambridge, Mass. — Washing- 

ton's Headquarters, later home of Longfellow SO 

91. Elmwood — Birthplace and residence of James Russell 

Lowell, Cambridge, Mass 5° 

92. Brooklyn Bridge — looking from Brooklyn toward Old 

New York 50 

93. Street Pedlers' carts on Elizabeth Street — looking north 

from Hester Street, New York 51 

94. Along the Noted Bowery, New York 51 

95. Fifth Avenue, north, toward Central Park, past the Van- 

derbilt Houses; crowds before St. Patrick's Cathedral, 
New York 52 

96. Interior of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York 52 

97. Honored resting place of a Nation's hero — Tomb of Gen- 

eral Grant, Riverside Park, New York 52 

98. From Church Street northeast, over St. Paul's Chapel to 

Park Row Building (29 stories), and old Astor House, 
New York 53 

99. The famous Flatiron building — most remarkable commer- 

cial building in the world, New York 53 

IOO. Castle Garden, the Aquarium, and Liberty Statue south- 
west from Washington Building, New York 54 



MAPS. 



I. General Map of the United States, 

II. Washington, D. C 

III. Niagara 

IV. New York City 



SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS. 

Seeing all there is to see in the United States would mean 
exploring thoroughly an area of 2,970,230 square miles. It 
would mean looking into the faces of 75,602,515 people. No 
one in these busy days can dream of covering the whole 
gigantic field of interest. All the same, it is easily possible 
for any man, however closely he may be tied to work in some 
particular place, to learn from his own observation the large, 
typical facts of this country, how it looks when one stands 
bodily in the middle of a great Illinois farm, or on the 
dizzy brink of the mad Whirlpool Rapids of Niagara, or 
peering down into the unbelievable, ragged depths of the 
Grand Canyon of Arizona. He can see for himself some of 
the very men whom his vote helped send to Washington, 
sitting in the House of Representatives. He can stand face 
to face with descendants of the original owners of American 
soil and see their grotesque religious dance just as they 
have practised it for centuries and centuries in appeal to the 
gods for rain. He can look across that memorable field of 
Gettysburg from the old stone-wall where thousands of 
brave Americans threw their lives into the balance to decide 
the gravest question in American history. He can see 
Yosemite's mountain of bare granite, three thousand feet 
high; he can watch Oregon lumbermen floating enormous 
logs down the Columbia ; he can see 90- foot beams of steel, 
red-hot from the fierce fires of a Pittsburgh rolling mill. 
And he can ponder at his leisure over the sight of what 



lO SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS. 

American men have created out of just such steel and stone 
and timber — a giant office building twenty-nine stories high, 
in New York City, where fully twenty-five thousand of his 
fellow Americans go and come every business day ! 

This memorable experience is possible for all sorts and 
conditions of men. It is made thus possible by the practical 
perfection of stereoscopic photography. 

Stereoscopic photographs or stereographs are not just 
"little pictures." When a stereograph is held in the hand 
and looked at with the unaided eye it seems to the inex- 
perienced observer like a pair of photographs just alike, 
mounted side by side on one card. The fact is that the two 
parts are not alike — the negatives were taken at the same 
instant, but with two different lenses, set side by side in the 
camera about as far apart as a man's two eyes. 

Now a man's two eyes do not give him exactly duplicate 
reports in regard to any solid object at which he looks. You 
can easily prove this for yourself. Stretch out your own 
right arm at full length exactly in front of you, so that the 
outspread hand is seen edge-wise opposite your face. Close 
the left eye and look only with the right; you see the edge 
of your hand and a bit around on the back of your hand. 
Keep the position unchanged, but close the right eye and 
look only with the left; this time you see the edge and a 
part of the palm. Now look with both eyes at once. You 
will see with the right eye a part of the right side, with the 
left a part of the left side ; the result is that you will prac, 
tically see part way around the hand, and that is what makes 
it look solid rather than flat or like a mere shadow on paper. 



SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS- II 

Stereoscopic photography is based on this principle of two- 
eye vision. One lens of the stereoscopic camera takes in just 
what a man's right eye would see if he occupied the camera's 
place. The other lens takes in exactly what the man's left 
eye would see at the same instant. When the two resulting 
prints are placed before the oblique-set lenses of the stereo- 
scope, the impressions they give are combined into one. You 
see everything standing out solid with space around it, ex- 
actly as you would see it if you were bodily present on the 
spot, lacking only the element of color. 

Try one more experiment to see how much difference 
there is between an ordinary "picture," such as can be taken 
with one lens and seen with one eye, and a stereograph of 
the same place. Find No. 46 in this series — "Yosemite Falls 
from Glacier Point Trail." Cover one side with your hand 
or with this book and look at the other side, not using the 
stereoscope. It is interesting — yes, that scenery must be 
grand, so you say. Now place the stereograph in the rack, 
adjust it at the proper distance for your eyes and look at it 
through the stereoscope lenses. Does it not make you almost 
draw back with a shock of surprise ? You feel yourself actu- 
ally there on that perilously narrow shelf where those sure- 
footed horses are pausing; you almost hold your breath as 
you peer down into the bottom of the valley toward which 
the Yosemite waters are making their airy leap ! 

The difference between a mere picture and a stereograph 
is probably clear to you now. 

It seems to some people too wonderful for belief that 
stereographs should give them the impression of everything 



12 SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS. 

in the full size of the actual, existing world, yet this also 
is true. Look out through a window ten feet away at a man 
in the street beyond; how much space on the window-glass 
is actually occupied by his distant figure ? The facts will sur- 
prise you. A visiting card held in your own hand at arm's 
length might easily cover him from sight. That same small 
card might cover a tall building, or even hide a distant moun- 
tain, for a small thing near the eyes naturally fills the same 
space as a much larger thing farther away. This fact of 
optics has also to do with the service rendered by stereo- 
graphs, for the stereoscopic prints, when viewed through a 
stereoscope, become like so many windows through which 
you can see the real things, full size, off at the distance 
where they actually were in fact, when confronted by the 
sensitized plates of the camera. 

The mechanical construction of the stereoscope in itself 
helps one to see everything in full size with the effect of real 
presence on the spot. The hood which fits against the fore- 
head, shutting off as it does all sight of the things directly 
surrounding you as you sit in your own chair, makes it much 
easier for you to forget that chair and the floor and the walls 
of your room — to think only of the other place at which you 
are looking, and to feel yourself actually there on the spot. 

But in order to have a thoroughly satisfactory sense of 
location on the spot you must know where "there" is ; lack- 
ing such knowledge you still remain in the helpless condi- 
tion of a man who has been carried somewhere blindfolded 
or asleep and who opens his eyes on a place whose identity 
is unknown. To meet the need in this line you will find the 



SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS. 1 3 

special, patent maps included in this little book quite inval- 
uable. Do not fail to study the maps; they will repay you 
tenfold for the slight exertion necessary in using them. 

Map I, a general map of the United States, shows the 
entire line of movement from one standpoint to another. 
The encircled figures in red show exactly where you are 
standing in each case. The red lines diverging V fashion 
from many of these points show in what direction you are 
looking. At certain stages in your progress over the coun- 
try you are to take several successive standpoints too near 
together to allow them to be marked clearly on the general 
map; in certain such cases a section of the country is en- 
larged to make a special map (e. g., Washington, D. C, 
Niagara, New York City), and on these sectional maps you 
find indicated not only your standpoint and the direction of 
your outlook, but also the range or limit of that outlook. 
In each case you look over the area included between the 
diverging red lines, and you see as far off as the red lines 
reach on the printed map. 

You will find it well worth all the trouble it costs to pause 
at each standpoint and think definitely just where you are 
and not only what is before you, but also (wherever pos- 
sible) what is behind you and what lies off at your left and 
your right beyond the limits of your actual vision. This 
aids immensely if you want really to enter into the spirit 
of the place in question. If you take pains to do all this, 
you can certainly obtain a considerable measure of the very 
same feelings that you would have if you were bodily on 



14 SEEING THROUGH STEREOGRAPHS. 

the spot — the difference will be oniy as to the degree and 
intensity of feeling, not in regard to the kind of feeling. 

Do not hurry. Tourists often lose half the meaning and 
half the pleasure of a journey because of their nervous way 
of scampering from one sight to another without stopping 
to think about what they see. To some extent this mis- 
take can hardly be avoided when trains are due at certain 
moments and excursion tickets have limited dates. But, 
when you are looking at the country through stereographs 
instead of through car windows, you can take your time 
about it. You can linger long enough in any one spot so 
that the beauty and the meaning of what you see may be 
mentally digested. Best of all, you can keep going over 
and over again to any place which makes a particularly 
strong appeal to you ; you can gradually grow as familiar 
with it as if it were close by your home. 

Pages 56-69 of this little book suggest some of the 
many lines of interest which you might profitably follow 
up for yourself. The lists are offered only as clues or guide- 
boards. They leave to you the pleasant task of discovering 
for yourself the genuine treasures of information and 
inspiration toward which they will lead any reader who likes 
to do a reasonable amount of thinking. 



METHODS. 

Always sit so that a strong, steady light falls on the face 
of the stereograph. It is a good plan to let the light come 
from over your shoulder. 

Hold the hood of the stereoscope close against the fore- 
head, shutting out all sight of your immediate surroundings. 

Move the sliding rack, with the stereograph, along the 
shaft until you find the distance best suited to your own 
eyes. This varies greatly with different people. 

Read what is said of each place in this book. 

Refer to the proper maps and know exactly where you 
are in each case. 

Read the explanatory comments printed on the back of 
each stereograph mount. 

Go slowly. 

Go again. 

Think it over. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

It is well, at the start, to look over the general map (No. 
I ) and refresh your memory of the relative situation of the 
places which you are to see. Notice that the route proposed 
begins at Washington, D. C, follows down the South At- 
lantic seaboard and across to the Mississippi, then turns 
westward and moves up the Pacific coast, returning toward 
the east by way of St. Paul, Chicago and Niagara, making 
a short excursion up into New England and ending in New 
York City. 

Now turn to Map 2, where the city of Washington is 
shown by itself in full enough detail to make clear the lo- 
cation of the principal landmarks. Find the place where 
you are to stand first; it is marked with a red 1 within a 
red circle. The V lines diverging from that standpoint tell 
you in what direction you are to look when you stand there, 
i. e., towards the southeast. Look carefully. As you stand 
there facing towards the southeast, in what direction will 
the greater part of the city lie — before you — behind you — 
at your right or at your left ? In what direction will be the 
Capitol ? Have these facts clearly in your mind while you 
take your first look at 

I. Washington Monument, 555 feet high, from northwest, 
across one of the fish=ponds, Washington. 

Now you are to look of! from the lofty height of that 
very monument, towards the north. Refer again to Map 2 
and learn what important buildings you may expect to see. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1 7 

They are the ones included between the spreading arms of 
the red V marked 2. 

2. From Washington Monument north; White House, 
Treasury and State Departments, Washington, D. C. 

Next you are to turn towards the east (is that towards 
your right or your left?) and look off again from this same 
point. Consult the map to learn what you are going to see. 

3. From Washington Monument east, over Agricultural 

Grounds to the Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

Move a little nearer to the Capitol. Consult Map 2 and 
find where you are to go for your fourth outlook. Notice 
in what direction you are to look and to what extent you 
will be able to see off toward the right and the left. 

4. Pennsylvania Avenue, from the Treasury southeast, to the 

United States Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

Next you advance to the farther end of this (Pennsyl- 
vania) Avenue up which you have been looking, and get a 
close view of the most beautiful building in America. 

5. United States Capitol, Washington, D. C. 

If you will, you can stand within the famous council 
chamber in that farther (south) wing of the Capitol, where 
the House of Representatives regularly meets, and see as- 
sembled there, in a famous special session, not only the 
members of the House but also Senators, Justices of the 
Supreme Court, Cabinet members, and President Roosevelt 



1 8 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

himself in company with diplomats and distinguished 
guests. 

6. A touching tribute to McKinley's memory — Secretary 
Hay's Eulogy in the House of Representatives, Washington, 
D. C. 

East of the Capitol is another building of which the 
United States can justly be proud — that in which the nation 
is gradually collecting and arranging a magnificent library 
for the use of her lawmakers and her citizens generally. It is 
not only a storehouse of literature, but also in itself an ad- 
mirable work of creative art. Be sure to get your stand- 
point clearly in mind. (Map 2.) 

7. The magnificent new Congressional Library, the most 

spacious of book repositories, Washington, D. C. 

The interior of the library is famous for its beauty ; some 
of the best sculptors and painters in the whole country co- 
operated with the architect to make it emphatically pleasing 
to the eye as well as impressive to the imagination. 

8. Grand staircase, Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. 

Now turn about and see something of the other side of 
the city, at the west of the Capitol. Look at your map once 
more. You remember that your first view from the top of 
the monument (outlook No. 2) was in a northerly direction, 
and that you saw the White House beyond its grassy lawns. 
As you were looking north it was, of course, the south side 
of the Presidential mansion which faced you. Now find 
Standpoint 9 on the map and notice the reach of its lines ; 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1 9 

you will evidently be at the farther side of the White House, 
facing the north windows of that famous mansion. 

9. The White House, the historic residence of the Nation's 

Chief, north front, Washington, D. C. 

It is interesting to see where the chief magistrate meets 
the people socially, in the simple, frank and unpretentious 
manner that befits a great republic. Here is the celebrated 
room where so many great receptions have been held. The 
wisest men and the fairest women of many generations have 
been here in their day. 

10. East Room, where Presidential Receptions are held; the 

White House, Washington, D. C. 

It would be a strange thing to come to the White House 
and not see the President. Our nation's chief is a busy man," 
and the business in which he is occupied is also your business, 
delegated to him by the will of the people. Look in upon 
him, if only for a moment, as he sits at his desk intent on 
official papers. 

11. President Roosevelt signing bills, White House, Wash- 

ington, D. C. 

The White House is more than, official headquarters for 
the President of the United States — it is the home of the 
man who stands at the head of our national life. A home 
always implies the presence of a woman; and Mrs. Roose- 
velt, the charming wife of the President, is acknowledged 
to be an admirable representative of the best type of Amer- 



20 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

ican womanhood. You find her just now in one of her pri- 
vate rooms on the second floor. 

12. Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt at home in the White House, 

Washington, D. C. 

Just across the Potomac River, on the Virginia side op- 
posite Washington, is Arlington. The town contains within 
its beautiful acres a great national cemetery, the last resting 
place of the bodies of thousands of heroic soldiers. It 
treasures also a beautiful old mansion which was the home 
of one of Virginia's most devoted and distinguished sons. 

13. General Robert E. Lee's old home, Arlington, Va. 

In this same county (Fairfax), but farther down the 
Potomac, is Mount Vernon, an objective point for pilgrims 
from all parts of America, and indeed from many far coun- 
tries. You have seen where America's national councils are 
held (Nos. 5 and 6) ; you have seen the present helmsman 
of the Ship of State with his hand on the rudder (No. 11) ; 
now come to see the home of our first national leader. 

14. Home of Washington, preserved in memory of the re- 

public's founder, Mount Vernon, Va. 

And close by, on this same beautiful estate of his fathers, 
the mortal body of Washington lies at rest. 

15. Tomb of America's greatest citizen, Washington, at 

Mount Vernon, Va. 

Virginia is one of the most beautiful parts of the whole 
country. A specially famous spot is up among the moun- 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 21 

tains of the Blue Ridge — it is a place that Washington knew 
and loved ; Henry Clay made eloquent allusions to it ; tour- 
ists to-day make long journeys to get a sight of its im- 
pressive beauty. 

1 6. One of nature's curious structures — the famous Natural 

Bridge, Rockbridge Co., Va. 

If you move southward down through the Atlantic coast 
states, you find the most widely differing conditions of soil 
and climate. In the south-central part of North Carolina 
there is a great "sand-belt," a region where sandy soil of 
great depth produces a peculiarly valuable species of pine, 
and where the dry air, made particularly agreeable by the 
fragrance of the pitchy pines, attracts winter travel from 
all the chillier quarters of the country. Everybody who 
spends any time in Moore County goes out into the woods 
to see the curious processes of gathering crude turpentine — 
one of the characteristic and commercially important in- 
dustries of this part of the South. 

17. In the great pine forests of the South — gathering crude 

turpentine, North Carolina. 

Nobody knows the South who does not know the pictur- 
esque and problematic negro. The industrial development 
of this part of the world would be impossible without him. 
You have just seen "darky" laborers in the pine forests; it 
is chiefly negro labor on which capital counts also in the 
raising of cotton and rice and tobacco, in fact all the great 
crops of which the land is so' enormously productive. You 



22 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

can have a particularly interesting glimpse of this side of 
southern life, on a creek over near Georgetown, S. C. 

1 8. A rice=raft, South Carolina. 

The Carolinas — North and South — are among the oldest 
of the sister states; they took an active part in old colonial 
affairs and in the struggles of the Revolutionary War. 
Later still, in the times of the Civil War, spots before un- 
known to fame became historic ground. One place you 
surely wish to see is that little island in Charleston Harbor 
where the four years' conflict began in 1861. 

19. Where the Civil War began — Fort Sumter and distant 

mainland to right, Charleston, S. C. 

For many generations the South occupied itself almost 
exclusively with the agricultural production of raw ma- 
terials, attempting comparatively little in the line of manu- 
factures. Now a new era of prosperity is well begun, 
wherein the southern states undertake to contribute to the 
markets not only raw materials, but also industrial skill. 
To-day you do not have to go north nor over to England to 
find excellently equipped cotton-mills; you can see their 
working right here in this very state. 

20. In the great spinning=roorn, 104,000 spindles — Olympian 

Cotton Mills, Columbia, S. C. 

Anybody who has looked seriously at cotton-mill ma- 
chinery will wish to go out into a big cotton-field and see 
how the wonderful fibres are produced under a warm, south- 
ern sun. You can see such fields in these seaboard states 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 23 

as well as over along the Gulf and in the lower Mississippi 
Valley. 

21. Cotton is King — Plantation Scene, Georgia. 

One of the most important commercial cities of the South 
Atlantic seaboard is Savannah — at once a railroad centre and 
a port at the mouth of a large river. Six millions have been 
spent to put its harbor into fine shape; at the present time 
it is the third largest cotton shipping port in the United 
States and the largest shipping port for naval stores in the 
whole world. You remember how you witnessed the gather- 
ing of crude turpentine in the woods up near Pinehurst, 
N. C. (17) ; now see how the resin, produced by the dis- 
tillation of those sticky tree-drippings, goes off to the four 
quarters of the globe. 

22. The greatest resin market in the world — loading ocean 
vessels, Savannah, Georgia. 

Florida is a fascinating country. It is easy to understand 
how the first white men from Europe, who came to explore 
the Florida wilderness, dreamed that they might find here the 
Waters of Perpetual Youth. They believed all sorts of fan- 
tastic legends in those days; yet, at the same time, the first 
explorers and settlers were by no means entirely given over 
to poetic dreaming — they knew how to fight as well. The 
history of those early days is full of bloody struggles, not 
only between the original Indian inhabitants and the white 
newcomers, but also among the Europeans themselves, jeal- 
ous of their rights of discovery even while none of them 
had any true notion of what it was that had been discovered ! 



24 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

St. Augustine is the oldest town in the United States, for, 
while other attempted settlements died out into mere tradi- 
tion, white people have lived here continuously ever since 
1565. You can see in St. Augustine one of the quaint six- 
teenth-century houses standing at this very day. 

23. Oldest house in the United States, St. Augustine, Fla. 

Continuing the line of movement southward, you should 
get some glimpses of characteristic parts of Florida. To 
appreciate the indolent, tropical beauty of the land, you ought 
to sail up one of the leisurely, sleepy little rivers, exploring 
the still more slow and sleepy little creeks that join it. Here 
and there is an open meadow — here and there a boat-land- 
ing that tells of human neighborhood ; but much of the way 
nature is left to her own devices, and the result is a dreamy, 
tropical tangle of foliage, with its beauty doubled by reflec- 
tion in the placid waters. 

24. And the palm tree nodded to the mirror in the jungle, 

Florida. 

The sub-tropical climate of this Flower Land calls thou- 
sands of travelers every winter from other parts of the coun- 
try where winter indulges in rough incivilities. Down here, 
with the warm Gulf on the west and the Gulf Stream — just 
off the shore — warming the Atlantic on the east, there is no 
such thing as "a nipping and an eager air." Nature wears 
summer clothes all the year around, for the sandy soil which 
covers so large a part of the low levels proves surprisingly 
fertile for certain kinds of plant life. See for yourself how 
it is down at Palm Beach. 

25. Cocoanut Trees in the white sands of Florida. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2$ 

Now move on westward to New Orleans, near the mouth 
of the Mississippi. Here you are on ground as different as 
possible from that of Florida. The backbone of Florida is 
limestone of coral formation ; lower Louisiana is a gradual 
creation of the Father of Waters, bringing down, century 
after century and age after age, burdens of fine mud from 
the heart of the country and spreading them out here at the 
end of his course. It is just the soil on which sugar-cane 
best thrives. Stand on one of the great levees of New Or- 
leans and look about; you can see for yourself something 
of the enormous shipping business, which takes care of the 
product of Louisiana and Texas and Mississippi sugar 
plantations. 

26. The sweetest spot on earth — Sugar Levee, New Orleans, 

La. 

Away up at the north of Georgia's farthest boundary line 
stand mountain heights, whose slopes send brooks running 
down into the winding Tennessee river, bound for 
the Ohio end destined to flow as parts of the broad Mis- 
sissippi right past this very levee. Up in that magnificent 
mountain country, in eastern Tennessee, is one of the most 
memorable battle-grounds of the Civil War — the place where 
the Union and Confederate armies fought "the battle above 
the clouds." Find your next outlook (27) on the map. Go 
up there now and see what a far-reaching view you obtain 
down the beautiful Tennessee Valley. 

27. Confederate Signal Station — Lookout Mountain, Chat- 

tanooga, Tenn. 

The river as you see it here is on its way to join the Ohio 



26 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

and it takes a long, roundabout way to reach the larger 
stream. If you were to follow it down its long, winding 
course, you would reach the Ohio river at Paducah and the 
Mississippi at Cairo, where three states come together. Fol- 
low up the Mississippi from Cairo, and, on the west bank, 
between the mouth of the Ohio and the mouth of the Mis- 
souri, is the largest city in the whole Mississippi Valley — 
a place which has grown in a bare one hundred years from 
a primitive trading-post into one of the most important bus- 
iness centres of the whole United States. 

28. Street scene in the largest city of the Mississippi Val- 

ley — Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. 

The river here at St. Louis is magnificent in its broad, 
majestic sweep, and among the bridges that span it is one 
of the most admirable pieces of steel-arch construction in 
the world — a monumental work of architectural engineering. 
Go across to East St. Louis at the Illinois end, and look back 
to see its gigantic cobweb of metal spanning the broad 
current. 

29. $10,000,000 bridge over Mississippi, St. Louis, Mo. — 

2,500 feet long, arches 60 feet above water. 

One of the most interesting of the transcontinental routes 
westward from here is by rail through Arizona. The special 
"sights" are not to be had right on the main railroad line, 
but must be sought out in the remoter parts of the state. 
The copper-mining region in the southeastern part of the 
state is one part of Arizona well worth seeing. 

30. Inclines to the Copper Mines, Metcalf, Arizona. 






THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2 J 

The business of cattle raising on a large scale, now one 
of the characteristic and immensely profitable industries of 
the great west, was introduced into this country from 
Mexico and the former child of Mexico — Texas. Down here 
in Arizona are some of the best and biggest cattle ranches 
in the country, where you can see the genuine "cowboy" ex- 
actly as he is, and even watch him at work. 

31. Among the 30,000 cattle of Sierra Bonita Ranch — lasso- 

ing a yearling, Arizona. 

This part of the country is full of the most picturesque 
contrasts. Sirce railroads have been built across the state, 
the most advanced civilization is brought dramatically face 
to face with the primitive conditions of life among native* 
tribes. Near one of the stations on the Santa Fe line, a 
favorite starting point for wagon-excursions up into the 
Reservation, you are pretty likely to see Indians ; some of 
them are commonplace and conventional in their costume > 
but others cling with conservative pride to the much more 
interesting garb of their fathers. 

32. A wonder to the primitive inhabitants — Santa Fe Train 

crossing Canyon Diablo, Arizona. 

Most tourists go right by here without leaving the train, 
but those who do make a side-excursion up into the Indian 
reservation occupying the northeast corner of the state are 
richly repaid. You leave the train, say, at Canyon Diablo; 
there you engage passage in a wagon with a pair of stout 
horses and ride off to the vast, mysterious Painted Desert. 



2 8 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

It is like a new world. You can hardly believe you are only 
sixty hours' distance from the sophisticated life of St. Louis. 
Out here in the desert you see some of the most picturesque 
wigwams ("hogans," they call them), in all the West. 

33. At breakfast; typical desert home of the Navajo Indians; 

Navajo Reservation, Arizona. 

Still farther up towards the centre of the Reservation, cer- 
tain great masses of rock stand up out of the desert like 
islands out of a sea ; these mesas have been occupied for cen- 
turies by Indians of another tribe, who live in dwellings as 
different as can be from those of their Navajo neighbors. 
See what a strange appearance one of their villages makes, 
as you approach it over the steep rocks of the barren mesa. 

34. South to picturesque Village of Wolpi, first Mesa, Hopi 

Indian Reservation, Arizona. 

Until a few years ago, the ideas and the doings of these 
original "Americans" were as little known to the rest of the 
world as if they had lived far off on some veritable island 
in the middle of the ocean, but now they allow spectators 
to witness some of their peculiar rites, and queer enough 
those are ! When you come to think of it, it is natural, in a 
thirsty land like this, that rain-clouds should be eagerly 
watched for, and that their movements should be regarded 
with reverence as the actions of unseen Powers. Observe 
now in what a curious ceremonial dance this reverence ex- 
presses itself. 

35. The Katchina dance to the Rain Gods, Hopi Indian Vil- 

lage, Shonghopavi, Arizona. 






THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 29 

If ever there was a land in which a primitive, child-like 
people would naturally come to think of the forces of nature 
as live beings with distinct personality and conscious will, 
it is such a land as this. Indeed, here in Arizona, certain 
simple every-day kinds of effects from physical causes are 
on so dramatically stupendous a scale, that they strike every 
beholder with awe. They are too vast for ordinary terms 
of admiration. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado is a place 
where the sights you see are almost beyond belief. You have 
to look again and again; you have to think of it over and 
over, in order to realize the facts before your very eyes, and 
credit the truth that this vast rift in the earth was worn by 
running water. 

36. "The sinuous Colorado, yellow as the Tiber," north 
from Bissell's Point, Grand Canyon of the Colorado. 

You have looked up the Canyon, toward the source of the 
river; now look down-river from another point on the rim. 

37. Fathoming the depth of a vanished sea— Grand Canyon 

of Arizona, from Hance's Cove. 

You have looked from the river's rim far down to its 
present bed; now look at this gigantic chasm from below, 
gazing upward. Down beyond the long, steep, perilous zig- 
zags of the Bright Angel trail you can stand beside the swift- 
running current, and look far, far up towards the rim. It 
will seem as if you must be peering up to mountain tops, 
but, remember, the fact is that those lofty horizons are 
merely the edges of the river bank — edges which a traveler 
might unthinkingly approach like those of any other river 



30 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

bank, unconscious of the stupendous chasm below until he 
reached the very brink ! 

38. Beside the Colorado — looking up to Zoroaster Tower, 
from Pipe Creek, Grand Canyon of Arizona. 

As you stood there down in the bottom of the Canyon, 
looking towards Zoroaster Tower, the paradise of southern 
California was off behind you at the southwest, beyond a 
great southward bend of the river and beyond the snow- 
capped mountains of the San Bernardino range. It is a para- 
dise which man has largely had to make for himself — a mar- 
vel of modern agricultural science. The sight of what hu- 
man thought has accomplished here deepens immensely one's 
sense of the dignity of man's share in the making of this 
world ! 

39. Irrigating an orange-grove; Riverside, Cal. 

The climate on the slope between the San Gabriel sum- 
mits and the Pacific is deliciously balmy. At Los Angeles 
the earth is one smiling garden, where flowers bloom all the 
year round, and shrubs and vines that eastern people treasure 
iii greenhouses grow luxuriantly out of doors without pro- 
tection and without any special encouragement. In Los 
Angeles you are in sight of snow-capped mountains, but an 
outlook along avenues like this one might easily make you 
believe yourself next door to the tropics. 

40. Avenue of Palms, Los Angeles, Cal. 

All this region, you remember, belonged to Mexico until 
1848. The first white explorers and settlers were Spanish; 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 3 1 

the older California coast towns are thick with reminders of 
Spanish missionary priests who came here years ago and de- 
voted their lives to teaching the Indian natives, laboring 
hard and taking their reward mostly in consciousness of duty 
done. Churches that they built and houses where they lived 
are standing now at various points between here and San 
Francisco, loved by tourists and especially by artists, because 
of their picturesque quaintness. Would you like to look for 
yourself at the old house and garden still kept up by a few 
good brothers at Santa Barbara? 

41. A pleasant retreat from the world— Gardens of the old 

Santa Barbara Mission, California. 

Consult your map of the United States and you will find 
still farther north and eastward, on a higher slope of the 
mountains, the Mariposa district where some of the biggest 
of all the famous Big Trees are growing. Their stature is 
something amazing — you can believe only by seeing. Take 
your stand at the foot of the "Grizzly Giant" and look up — 
up — up along that magnificent living steeple clothed with 
airy green. 

42. Throw your head back and look up great "Grizzly 
Giant," largest branch 20 feet in circumference — Mariposa 
Grove, Cal. 

Now and then you find one of these forest-giants fallen. 
It is a noble, impressive sight, even thus ruined. Look along 
the trunk of one such dethroned king and see how little and 
insignificant lordly man seems in comparison. 

43- Troop I, 15th U. S. Cavalry on the trunk of the "Fallen 
Monarch," Mariposa Grove, Cal. 



32 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

These Sequoise have tremendous vitality. Fierce forest 
fires might kill them ; one beautiful specimen was murdered 
a few years ago by reckless persons who removed its bark 
for exhibition in Europe ; but almost any number of smaller 
liberties can be taken without causing any serious harm. Can 
you imagine a tree which allows men to cut a ten-by-twelve 
tunnel through its living trunk, and yet keeps on serenely 
growing and sending out fresh needles, far up against the 
sky? But this is exactly the case with "Wawona" — look, 
and then you can know for yourself. 

44. Wawona as we drove through it; Mariposa Grove, CaK 

Twenty-five miles from this Big Tree grove, at the north- 
east, is the marvelous valley which tourists from all over 
America and Europe come to see — Yosemite. There are 
men still alive who remember well when the first white ex- 
plorers (soldiers pursuing a band of Indian marauders) 
brought back to the little settlements amazing tales about 
this Valley. The tales sounded as if they had been touched- 
up for effect; their hearers could not credit what was told. 
Who would not think there must be exaggeration in a story- 
teller's account of a mountain of granite standing up from a 
peaceful river-bed, almost three-quarters of a mile, straight, 
solid, bare to the wind and sun ? Yet that is the simple truth, 
as you can see for yourself. 

45. El Capitan, a solid granite mountain (3,300 feet high) 
northwest from across the beautiful Merced River, Cal. 

Every rod of the way up and down this strangely cut-off 
bit of the world is full of wonder and delight. The heights 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 33 

are something overpowering when you look up, as you did 
just now from the river side. The heights begin to be dizzy- 
ing when you climb a steep, zigzag trail along a mountain- 
side, and look over across the narrow chasm to the opposite 
walls. 

46. Yosemite Falls from Glacier Point Trail, Ca!. 

But if this narrow shelf on the brink of the chasm seems 
a perilous standpoint, what think you of this spot at the 
summit of the trail, where a fellow traveler is looking off 
over the valley? 

47. Nearly a mile straight down and only a step — from 
Glacier Point, northwest, across Valley to Yosemite Falls, 

Cat. 

You know that scientists are still studying the geologic 
problems involved in the formation of this valley. The re- 
gion all about here was long subject to volcanic forces — 
earthquakes have been felt here within a very few years. But 
a great part of this enormous rent is charged to the power- 
ful wearing and tearing agency of glaciers during the an- 
cient Age of Ice. Move farther up the valley towards the 
fountain source of its streams, and you can see where the 
distant heights are still covered with ice and snow masses, 
glittering in the sun and preparing for their long journey 
down these narrow, ragged ways, where so many other gla- 
ciers and snowbanks and hurrying streams have moved be- 
fore them ! 

48. Amidst the majestic heights and chasms of wonderful 
Yosemite Valley — from trail, northwest to North and Basket 
Pomes, Cal, 



34 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

While you are here at Yosemite you have a feeling of be- 
ing far removed from the world of men ; and yet civilization 
waits only a little way off. When you stood looking up to 
North and Basket Domes, San Francisco was less than two 
hundred miles away at your left, swarming full of people. 
Go now over to San Francisco and look through one of her 
busy streets where crowds are passing and the hurried life 
of a great metropolis is buzzing all around you. 

49. Busy Market Street of the City of the Golden Gate, San 

Francisco, Cal. 

The thought of the "Golden Gate" is ever present here in 
San Francisco — the idea that this is the doorway between the 
western world and the Orient. The city's domains meet the 
blue waters of the Pacific and then beyond the far horizon 
there is nothing but sea and over-arching sky till one reaches 
the coast of Japan. Think of this when you stand on the 
beach looking off to the west, with the whole vast area of 
the United States spread out behind you. 

50. Cliff House and Seal Rocks, from the beach, showing 

the tide coming in; San Francisco, Cal. 

The mountains of California stand in magnificent snow- 
capped ranks, with here and there a master-peak looming 
head and shoulders above his fellows. One of the conspicu- 
ous giants of the Sierra Nevada range is superb Mt. Shasta, 
away up in Siskiyou County, at the northern extremity of 
the State ; it is the third highest peak in the whole country, 
only Mt. Whitney and Mt. Rainier reaching farther towards 
the sky. Remember that it is Shasta and his fellow-heights 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 35 

that have largely made the fertile valleys of central Cali- 
fornia, keeping streams at work century after century and 
age after age, in the task of breaking up solid rock and dis- 
tributing the disintegrated gravel as food for vegetation. 

51. Looking through summer-dad boughs to grand, snow= 

capped Mount Shasta — 14,442 feet, Cal. 

Over beyond Shasta's snowy bulk, at the north, a new 
world of agricultural wealth begins — the fertile valley of tne 
great Columbia River, which draws from the springs of 
seven states as well as from British Columbia. It is this 
noble river that makes the Northwest what it is — one of the 
most richly endowed parts of the whole American continent. 
Its beauty, too, is something to delight the eye and impress 
the imagination. There are a great many picturesque places 
along its banks, well known to tourists; one of the most 
striking is just where the train passes the "Pillars." 

52. Picturesque grandeur of the great Columbia River — re= 

markabie Pillars of Hercules (west), Oregon. 

The forests of this vast Northwest are among the finest 
in the world, producing timber of the best quality and in 
enormous quantities. Out here the simple, old-fashioned 
methods which have elsewhere served in the conduct of the 
lumber business prove inadequate ; new methods have to be 
found for handling these immensely larger volumes of raw 
material, and new plans are made on the customary grand 
scale of this northwestern world. 

53 • Stupendous log raft, containing millions of feet — a 
camp's year's work (profit $20,000), Columbia River, 
Oregon, 



36 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

The bank of this vast water-way is now the bed of a busy 
railroad, as you saw from standpoint 52. The strong, steady 
current moving down to the Peaceful Sea is capable of an 
immense amount of burden-bearing, as you have just seen 
from standpoint 53. But before any engineers or any lum- 
bermen ever came up into this woody wilderness the river 
had a multitude of inhabitants. Salmon by the millions 
swarm in these waters; the fisheries here and in Puget 
Sound have become world-famous. It is a curious experi- 
ence to watch the emptying of a huge trap-net full of great, 
plump fellows, alive to the very tips of their flapping, wet 
tails. 

54. Brailing; taking salmon from the trap for the great can- 

neries; Puget Sound, Washington. 

You have seen the mighty Columbia and something of its 
service and beauty, but that river and its prehistoric an- 
cestors were, in fact, at work making some of the best parts 
of the United States, before ever there was a human creature 
alive upon this earth. The wide-spreading lands, that now 
make parts of the Columbia valley so enormously valuable 
for the farmer here in the northwest, are only slow accumu- 
lations of incessant waste from surrounding mountain 
heights, through long, long periods of gradual change. Look 
over a broad reach of these lands with the thought of their 
origin in your mind, and a Washington grain-field shows 
itself to you for what it truly is, a stupendous miracle of 
creation. 

55. Evolution of sickle and flail — 33=horse=team harvester, 
cutting, threshing and sacking; Walla Walla, Wash. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 37 

Past geologic ages seem very far away; the curious, ex- 
tinct monsters pictured in scientific books seem to belong to 
another world than ours. And yet, right before our eyes, 
other animals are in turn disappearing from the face of the 
earth. By the end of the present century it may be that the 
American bison, for instance — the picturesque "buffalo" of 
pioneer days— will be only a stuffed creature in a museum, 
an illustration in a book, a clay figure in a sculptor's studio. 
Indeed, there are to-day very few places in the country 
where these noble beasts are still to be found roaming free 
in the wilderness. Take a good look at them, while you have 
the chance. 

56. Some of America's most famous and fast=disappearing 
natives — herd of wild buffalo near Flathead Lake, Montana. 

One purpose of the United States government in reserving 
large tracts of land out here in the West for public owner- 
ship is that there may be kept forever, in nature's own man- 
ner, certain places where our native animals, trees and plants 
may live their own life unmolested. One of the most cele- 
brated of all such national reservations is the 3,412-mile area 
southeast from here, known as Yellowstone Park. Montana 
contributes to the park area and so does Idaho, but the 
larger part of its picturesque miles are taken out of the state 
of Wyoming. (Consult the general map and see for your- 
self how the reservation is located.) There is no spot any- 
where in the world that compares with this in its pictur- 
esquely impressive display of geyser-action; here you real- 
ize, if never before, what it means to live on the compara- 



38 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

tively thin crust of a globe whose heart is still one glowing 
fire. 

57. The most famous sight in Yellowstone Park — "Old Faith- 
ful" geyser in action — height 180 feet, 500,000 gallons each 
eruption. 

Man's acquaintace with the wonders of the Yellowstone 
has been comparatively brief. It was only in 1870 that ex- 
plorers first came through this marvelous land. But for ages 
and ages these geysers or others like them had been at work 
here. Sometimes their effect was to create great masses of 
rock through the gradual accumulation of mineral stuff held 
in solution ; sometimes their effect was to wear away already 
existing rock formations ; energetic work of one sort or an- 
other these gigantic venis accomplished in the early days 
when this earth was being made ready for our habitation. 
See, for instance, how geyser action near the Mammoth 
Springs hotel has erected its own enormous monument. 

58. Jupiter Terrace, Mammoth Springs Fountain — wonderful 
deposits formed by the boiling pools; Yellowstone Park. 

Now go over to a point about twenty miles northeast from 
here, and see how other ancient waters of this region, instead 
of building up, ate away the rocks, leaving a mighty chasm 
behind to tell the tale of their voracity. 

59. Down the Canyon from the brink of the great Falls, 

Yellowstone Park. 

America has been the scene of extraordinary manifesta- 
tions of human thought and feeling, as strangely exceptional 
in relation to the general course of history as the Yellow- 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA* 39 

stone geysers are in relation to the general aspects of the 
earth. The rise and growth of the Mormon religion, for 
instance, is one of the most curious facts in the world's re- 
ligious history. If you go over to Salt Lake City you can 
see the official centre of Mormonism, the place where the 
extraordinary traditions and doctrines of this peculiar sect 
are authoritatively expounded. 

60. The Pride of the Mormons — the Temple, Salt Lake City. 

When you stood looking down that deep gorge of the 
Yellowstone over in the National Park (outlook 59), the 
river waters you saw hurrying away toward the north were 
actually bound for the Missouri, and so, by a very devious 
•way, for the Mississippi and the warm Gulf that washes 
Cuba. Look at your map and see what an irregular course 
the mountain streams have to take in order to find their way 
to the slopes down the eastern side of the great Rocky Moun- 
tain wall. That enormous barrier set by nature between the 
east and the west in America was, in the early days of our 
country's history, an almost impassable barrier. Overland 
journeys with horses and mules were something appalling 
in their difficulty and weariness. It was the steam-power 
locomotive engine that rendered it feasible to make east and 
west one in fact as well as in name. When one considers 
that it is the creative imagination of men that brought into 
existence all to-day's swift and luxurious methods of trans- 
continental travel, it makes one realize anew the enormous 
significance of the difference between our human-kind and 
the rest of the universe ! As a rule, most of us take rail- 
roads for granted, child-fashion, just as if they "growed" 



40 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

like Topsy ! But just figure to yourself the splendid audacity 
of planning and bringing into existence the railroad line 
which you see cutting through. 

61. The Royal Gorge, Grand Canyon of the Arkansas, Col= 

orado. 

All this western country is a region where you naturally 
do a good deal of hard thinking. It is full of meaning to 
anybody who knows how to use his eyes. The Colorado 
mountains are among the most beautiful in the whole world 
if you look at them just for their beauty; they are among 
the most beneficent, too, for the rivers, which they have for 
ages sent rolling down towards the Mississippi Valley, have 
helped make hundreds of thousands of square miles of fer- 
tile valley-area. Up here in Colorado nature has worked on 
a grand scale in centuries as well as in areas. Go explore 
the region they call the "Garden of the Gods" in the east- 
central part of the state, and you can see with your own 
eyes the marks of gigantic glaciers that tore and floods that 
wore the mountain sides, ages and ages before man was on 
this earth at all. 

62. Pike's Peak, from the Peephole, Garden of the Gods, 

Colorado. 

The extraordinary region of the "Garden" is full of evi- 
dences of prehistoric floods ; it staggers the imagination to 
try to picture what this part of the earth was like when rush- 
ing currents wore the rocks into such fantastic shapes. 

63. Balancing Rock, Garden of the Gods, Colorado. 

The powdered debris and waste from the Rocky Moun- 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 41 

tains, swept down into the river levels, we find now in enor- 
mously accumulated masses of level or rolling "prairie" and 
fertile bottom-lands. Consult your map again and find stand- 
point 64. Notice its situation relative to the big rivers that 
still come down from the Colorado mountains. Now put 
yourself at just that spot and see what the soil of eastern 
Kansas is capable of bringing forth. 

64. In the great corn=fields of eastern Kansas. 

This takes you back to the vicinity of St. Louis, where you 
have already (standpoints 28 and 29) had brief glimpses of 
what is going on. All the way from St. Louis up to St. Paul 
and Minneapolis the Mississippi's banks are lined with cities 
— energetic, progressive, fast-growing. Look at your map 
once more and recall what and where are the cities of the 
Upper Mississippi. Remember, too, that all this region is 
young. Men still equal to hard work recall with satisfac- 
tion their own experiences out here as pioneers. There are 
advantages, too, in being so young, for such cities can start 
out in life equipped with ideas that most of the older munici- 
palities reached only after much mistake and failure. One 
such modern idea is that of the reservation of public breath- 
ing-places or parks, in advance of the time when city growth 
and increased land values will make it more difficult to be 
generous. Minneapolis and St. Paul, the twin cities up at 
the Falls of St. Anthony, have sensibly made provision of 
this sort for the benefit of generations to come. Give at least 
a glance to one such investment in beauty. 

65. Gigantic lily=leaf (Victoria Regia), used as a raft, in 
charming Como Park, St. Paul, Minn. 



42 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Now to resume our way eastward. The broad reaches of 
Illinois prairie between St. Louis and Chicago are among the 
most productive and beautiful in the whole country. Miles 
upon miles the farmers' fields extend, broken now and then 
by hedges of young trees and dotted here and there with 
graceful trees of taller growth. The bigness and openness 
are an inspiration to the worker. Take a few minutes to 
watch the skilful upturning of a bit of the rich prairie soil, 
laying it open to air and rain and sunshine, ready for the 
growth of a new crop of grain. You will be near the city 
of Bloomington. 

66. Latest methods in man's ancient occupation — ploughing 

on a prairie farm, Illinois. 

One hundred years ago all this prairie region was wild 
country, with one lonely little government station (Fort 
Dearborn), newly established up at the northeast corner of 
the state, where a small river, the haunt of wild ducks and 
the peaceful drinking-place of foxes, opened into Lake 
Michigan. Go stand near the outlet of that same little river 
to-day and see how all has been transformed by the march 
of commercial enterprise. 

67. Loading a great whaleback ship at the famous grain 

elevator, Chicago. 

The original projectors of Chicago appropriated for it 
about two and a half square miles ! At present it occupies 
almost two hundred square miles, and has nearly 2,700 miles 
of streets. Some of tne streets run straight north and south 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 43 

twenty miles in a straight line. State Street is one of the 
most important of these enormous thoroughfares. 

68. State Street, Chicago, 111. (north from Adams); noon= 
day crowds on a thoroughfare eighteen miles long. 

There is a story, current here in Chicago, of a public- 
school lesson in local geography. "William," said the 
teacher, "describe the source and course of the Chicago 
River." 

"Huh?" said William. 

"Tell the class where the Chicago River rises and in which 
direction it flows." 

"De Chicago River," replied the pupil, "rises under de 
Wells-street bridge and flows bot' ways." 

He was pretty nearly right, too, for the artificial connec- 
tion of the Chicago and Desplaine Rivers is destined to make 
this naturally insignificant little stream one of the most im- 
portant commercial water-ways in the country. 

69. Chicago River, small but of immense commercial im= 

portance (connecting Lakes with Mississippi). 

One of the unique sights for a stranger in Chicago is her 
live-stock market, the biggest in the whole world. It is such 
a sight as can be found nowhere else ; get up where you can 
have a good clear view over the pens swarming with cattle 
come from all parts of the West and Southwest and bound 
for the four quarters of the earth. 

70. The great Union Stock Yards, the greatest live-stock 

market in the world, Chicago. 



44 THE UNITED STATES 0T AMERICA. 

Here, too, in this largest inland business centre of the 
United States, you can inspect one of the most enormous and 
perfectly equipped pork-packing establishments on earth. 
The sights to be seen at Armour's can hardly be counted 
beautiful, but they are distinctly worth seeing as a mani- 
festation of the modern, scientific way of doing things with 
the utmost economy of time, strength and raw material. 

71. A half=-mile of pork, Armour's great packinghouse, Chi= 

cago. 

Eastward next the line of movement runs. You are bound 
now for Niagara, but on the way you should get a sight of 
the lovely garden country of Michigan. Trace your route 
on the map and find standpoint 

72. Prize=winning sheep (thoroughbred Shropshires), in rich 

clover pasture, southern Michigan. 

Once more study the map. It is worth much more than the 
little trouble it costs to recall to mind exactly how the waters 
floating that whaleback ship at Chicago (seen at stand- 
point 67) take part in the thunderous plunge of the stream 
by which Lake Erie's contents are sent towards Lake On- 
tario. With the definite remembrance of Niagara's location 
in your mind, turn to the special map showing the vicinity 
of the Falls in full detail. You will find your seventy-third 
standpoint marked there on the New York side of the river, 
just at the very brink of the American Falls. The red lines 
diverging from point 73, including between them exactly 
what you are to see, tell that you are to look southwest across 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 45 

the leaping masses of water and over to the distant Canadian 
bank. 

73. The world's greatest waterfall, Niagara, from Prospect 

Point. 

Quite as interesting and beautiful in its way is a sight of 
these same waters a couple of miles farther down the river 
(northeast) behind you, when they have, as it were, recov- 
ered from the stunning shock of their 165-foot fall and are 
running a mad race to get through the tunnel-like gorge of 
rock which gives exit towards Lake Ontario. Consult the 
special map so as to see exactly where your standpoint is to 
be taken. 

74. Wild Waters of the Great Lakes hurrying seaward 
(north), in Whirlpool Rapids below Niagara Falls. 

Whatever the time of year in which you see Niagara, its 
noble majesty is something vastly impressive. The onward 
sweep of the Whirlpool Rapids gives you one characteristic 
aspect of the mighty current. You can get another impres- 
sion, absolutely different and yet absolutely true, if you look 
at the falling masses of water shrouded in winter white. 
Go back to the foot of the American Falls and see how the 
spray which made sparkling, iridescent cloud-wreaths in 
summer, turns into piled-up masses of snow-crystals in mid- 
winter. (See standpoint 75 on the special map.) 

75. The great mountain of frozen spray, below the ice= 

bound American Falls, Niagara. 

The long dreamed-of project of "harnessing Niagara" is 
now, you know, an accomplished fact. The Niagara Falls 
Power Company are now supplying electric lights and mo- 



46 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

tive power for manufacturing and transportation purposes 
over a reach extending to St. Catharines, Can., Lockport 
and Buffalo, N. Y., and this is but the small beginning of a 
business which promises to be of enormous importance in 
the industrial development of this part of the country. 

Niagara is not far from the great oil-fields where some 
of the most enormous fortunes in all history have been made. 
You will find your next proposed standpoint (76) south- 
west of the Falls, down near Burgettstown, Pa. 

76. Source of the world's most gigantic fortunes — pumping 

wells in the oil country, western Pennsylvania. 

And yet the "Standard Oil" millions born of these wells 
are not the only gigantic fortunes made here in western 
Pennsylvania. Andrew Carnegie's wealth has attracted pub- 
lic attention through its unique expenditure as well as 
through its accumulation. Would you like to see the place 
where funds were gathered in for all those famous public 
libraries? Prepare for smoky skies — there is no such thing 
as viewing Homestead through clean, clear air. 

77. Steel Works, Homestead, Pa., famous source of dirt and 

dollars. 

The processes by which these and other great steel mills 
transform crude iron ore into finished, flawless steel would 
all be interesting to see. Pause at least long enough in one 
of the great Pittsburgh establishments to see one of the most 
striking stages in the experience of a new-forming beam of 
steel. 

78. Steel Works, Pittsburgh, Pa., beam of red=hot steel in 

rolling-mill drawn out 90 feet long. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 47 

The huge wall of the Alleghenies, separating this Ohio 
River Valley from the Atlantic seaboard regions, presented 
formidable obstacles to industrial development until the day 
of railroads. Now immense volumes of both passenger and 
freight traffic speed over the Pennsylvania mountains on 
close time-schedules, over roads excelled by none in the 
world. The scenery along the Pennsylvania Railroad is full 
of interest. One place of which everybody has heard is the 
celebrated "Horseshoe" near Altoona (see the location of 
standpoint 79 on the map), where the tracks rise eighty- 
nine feet in half a mile, in a curve which almost returns 
upon itself. 

79. Famous Horseshoe Curve among Allegheny Mts. (2,571 

feet long, 1,200 feet across, grade 89 feet). 

One of the most important battlegrounds in all history 
lies off a little to the south from the main railroad lines across 
this state. Everybody who cares to see the United States at 
all must care to see Gettysburg, where one hundred and fifty 
thousand of the best and bravest of America's sons, from the 
North and the South, threw their own lives into the scale to 
decide the fiercest struggle of the Civil War. 

80. Wall charged by Pickett, south to Round Top. The war's 
High Water Mark at clump of trees. Gettysburg, Pa. 

When you reach Philadelphia you are at once confronted 
by reminders of that still earlier struggle, when the Amer- 
ican colonies were warring with Mother England across the 
sea. If you see nothing else in the Quaker City, you must 
look upon the quaint old brick building where the Declara- 
tion of Independence was made, and where the old bell rang 



48 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

to "proclaim liberty throughout the land and to all the in- 
habitants thereof." 

81. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independ- 

ence was made in 1776, Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia transacts great volumes of business without 
any great bustle and show of being busy ; she surpasses most 
of the other large American cities in her air of serene and 
leisurely prosperity. One evidence of her advanced place in 
genuine civilization is her generous provisions of ground for 
public recreation and pleasure. Fairmount Park is consid- 
ered a model of its kind, and, indeed, is a valuable object 
lesson for study by other municipalities. 

82. A beautiful garden Avenue in Fairmount Park, Phila- 

delphia. 

There are various ways of moving up to New York and 
New England. If you want to get a glimpse of the open 
Atlantic on the way, there is hardly a better place along the 
Jersey coast than Asbury Park. 

83. Neptune's smiles; Old Ocean's playful, dashing break- 

ers on the beach, Asbury Park, N. J. 

Another interesting route from Philadelphia is up along 
the banks of the Delaware River. This gives you a chance 
to see a bit of natural beauty to which thousands make a 
special pilgrimage each year — 

84. Delaware Water Gap, where the Delaware River cuts its 

bed through a mountain range. 

The Delaware is a noble stream and it has interesting his- 
toric associations, yet it has a formidable rival over in New 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 49 

York. The Hudson, the "American Rhine," almost every 
mile of the way as far up as Albany has some picturesque 
story or legend or tradition associated with its beauty. Find 
standpoint 85 on your map. From that point facing up- 
stream you can get an outlook which many a great American 
kept pictured in his memory all through a long career — 
Grant used to know the very same sight you will see, and 
Sheridan did, and Sherman, and Lee, and Stonewall Jack- 
son, and Joe Wheeler and many another gallant soldier. 

85. Looking toward Newhurgh, from Battle Monument's 

Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. 

And the river and the mountains are not the only attrac- 
tions here at West Point. Every cadet here is a possible 
great man ; many a one now at work on his four-years' train- 
ing will die famous. Look at these manly fellows while they 
are busy at their drill, and pick out if you can the great 
generals-to-be ! 

86. Skirmish Line Drill— Cadets, U. S. Military Academy, 

West Point, N. Y. 

If you continue up the river to Albany and then take a 
route due east across the Bay State, you reach Boston, the 
dignified old centre of New England life, and a great his- 
tory-maker in Colonial days and Revolutionary days. One 
of the landmarks which every pilgrim to Boston naturally 
goes to see is the memorial of that famous battle in June, 
1775- 

87. Bunker Hill Monument, Boston, Mass. 



50 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Another place that every loyal hero-worshipper wants to 
see is the old 

88. Cradle of Liberty; interior Faneuil Hall, Boston — scene 
of epoch=making meetings of two centuries. 

Boston is rightly proud of a certain bit of greenness right 
in the heart of the city, an area set apart away back in 
colonial times for public uses, and still known in old-fash- 
oned phrase as "The Common." 

89. Under the Elms, Boston Common. 

Just west of Boston, across the Charles River — the river 
that figures in several of Longfellow's poems — is the quiet 
old university town of Cambridge, where many famous 
Americans spent their college days (at Harvard University) 
and where many others, especially those celebrated in the 
literary history of the country, have made their homes. Two 
such homes are especially well worth seeing. 

90. Stately old Craigie House, Cambridge, Mass., Washing- 
ton's headquarters, and later, home of Longfellow, 

and 

91. Elmwood, birthplace and residence of James Russell 

Lowell, Cambridge, Mass. 

The greatest of all American cities remains now to be 
visited. Turn to the special map of New York and you 
will find nine successive standpoints marked in different 
parts of this great metropolis — this world in itself, full of 
the most audacious enterprise, the most incredible energy, 
the most grotesque extravagance of outward show. Look 
first from a point in the Borough of Brooklyn, near where 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 5 1 

the battle of Long Island was fought in Washington's day, 
and gaze across the East River to the crowded island-bor- 
ough of Manhattan. 

92. Brooklyn Bridge, looking from Brooklyn towards old 

New York. 

Just how crowded life is in the downtown tenement dis- 
tricts you can hardly believe, till you see for yourself a 
typical "slum" street where the poor belongings of the people 
overflow into the fire-escapes. You can see on the map ex- 
actly where standpoint 93 is taken. 

93. Street pedlers' carts on Elizabeth Street, looking north 

from Hester Street, New York City. 

They say that New York contains more Irish than any 
city except Dublin, more Germans than any city except Ber- 
lin, more Italians than any city except Rome, and actually 
more Jews than there are in all Palestine. One particularly 
cosmopolitan street (just at your right as you stood look- 
ing up Elizabeth Street) is the notorious "Bowery," where 
shops, saloons, theatres and dance-halls make every night a 
gay and festive time, offering the visitor entertainment in 
pretty nearly every known language. Notice the elevated 
railroad tracks that run the whole length of this street. This 
is one of the busiest street railway lines in the world. Trains 
run all day and all night, at intervals of from one to five 
minutes. 

94. Along the noted Bowery, New York. 



53 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

Look at your map again and see how closely contrasts are 
packed together here in New York. Less than half a mile 
straight west from that old-fashioned building of the Cooper 
Union at the head of the Bowery, you find Fifth Avenue 
(it begins at the northern boundary of Washington Square), 
running up north through the middle of the island ; this, you 
know, is the most fashionable thoroughfare in America. As 
far north as Central Park, business houses are scattered in, 
alternating with the homes of wealthy and aristocratic fami- 
lies; above Fifty-ninth Street the avenue is one long array 
of multi-millionaires' palaces. Just above Fiftieth Street are 
two houses especially interesting to anyone who cares to 
study the phenomenal concentration of wealth that takes 
place here in the United States. 

95. Fifth Avenue, north toward Central Park, past the Van= 
derbilt houses; crowds before St. Patrick's Cathedral, New 
York. 

As you stood looking up the avenue, the finest cathedral 
in the country was just at your right on the east side of the 
street. See how serenely beautiful and inspiring the interior 
is with its noble Gothic arches and beautiful windows. 

96. Interior of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City. 

Consult your map once more and find the place from which 
your next outlook is to be taken; it is marked 97, and you 
find it three miles farther uptown, over near the bank of the 
Hudson River, on the west side of the island. Visitors come 
here not only from all parts of America, but, indeed, from 
all parts of the world, to pay the tribute of respectful remem- 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 53 

brance to a plain, unpretending American soldier — the great 
man who said, "Let us have peace." 

97. Honored resting place of a nation's hero — Tomb of Gen= 

eral Grant, Riverside Park, New York. 

General Grant's last years were spent in New York, and 
his affections became deeply rooted here. New York does, 
in fact, have charms peculiarly her own. Nowhere else in 
America are there such dramatic contrasts in modes of life. 
Nowhere else is there a population so infinitely varied in its 
origin. Nowhere else are men's ideas and schemes so bril- 
liantly audacious, so little dependent on precedents. If you 
want to see one of the most completely characteristic spots 
in all Gotham, go down to the southwest of the City Hall and 
the Post Office (see standpoint 98 on the map), look across 
the quiet churchyard of St. Paul's, where the New Yorkers 
of Revolutionary times left their bones to rest, to see the 
tallest office building on earth towering towards the skies. 

98. From Church Street, northeast, over St. Paul's Chape! 
to Park Row Building (29 stories), and old Astor House, 
New York. 

This is New York's loftiest office building, and yet, if one 
is seeking for typical extravagances in architecture, there is 
one other achievement which is possibly still more extra- 
ordinary. The Park Row Building does at least have a 
fairly reasonable amount of ground space on which to stand, 
but there is another structure up at the crossing of Broad- 
way and Fifth Avenue (a place where standing room costs 
$100 a square foot), that seems to be merely balanced on 



54 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

one end, so grotesquely narrow are its foundations in pro- 
portion to its height of 286 feet. It occupies the wedge or 
flat-iron-shaped space between Broadway and Fifth Avenue, 
just before those two thoroughfares cross at a narrowly 
oblique angle. Look southward from Madison Square and 
you get the most striking effect. 

99. The famous Flatiron Building — most remarkable com- 

mercial building in the world, New York. 

The making of the United States is every week a fresh 
problem; that is even more evident in New York than any- 
where else, for here the largest waves of immigration are 
forever rolling in. Ten thousand — twelve thousand new- 
comers in a single week — such are recent records here. The 
value of these new elements, added to our body politic? It 
varies all the way from pure gold to the hideous, unclean 
matter of which social pestilence is bred. And still they 
come. 619,984 steerage immigrants landed here in New 
York in 1903. 

Take one last look from the southern end of Manhattan 
island out past where the great Statue of Liberty stands 
holding her torch aloft, and far on towards the open sea. 

100. Castle Garden, the Aquarium and Liberty Statue, 
southwest from Washington Building, New York. 

Think what sights this end of the old island has seen! 
Up through that opening from the surging Atlantic, Hendrik 
Hudson's clumsy little Dutch vessel came sailing in 1609. Up 
through that same open gate came the sturdy, long-headed 






THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 55 

Dutch colonists and the English, full of persistent energy. 
The sound of battle cannonade has rung out over that sunny 
harbor. Ships have sailed in here from every civilized land 
upon this earth. Vessels have gone out from here on er- 
rands of worldly gain almost too vast for reckoning ; on er- 
rands of bloody warfare; on errands of the swiftest, heart- 
iest human kindness to people of other lands stricken by 
sudden calamity. Up through this hospitable waterway have 
come, seeking a new home, thousands and thousands and 
still more thousands of men and women, to help make this 
country's future. 



56 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



These one hundred places have a great deal to give to any- 
body who knows how to see. Remember you are not looking 
at pictures drawn more or less correctly by people whose 
knowledge was more or less accurate and complete. You 
are seeing for yourself the actual facts just as they are. 
These facts are something to be studied observantly; to be 
thought over; to be recalled to mind when you read the 
daily papers, the monthly magazines, or books old and new. 
Watch yourself a bit and notice how much more thoroughly 
alive any printed allusion to one of these places becomes for 
you, after you have in this manner seen the place with your 
own eyes. 

One advantage in this method of seeing important places 
lies in the fact that you can see them over and over again. 
Images held in the memory get faded and blurred. You 
can go back to these one hundred standpoints as many times 
as you please, refreshing old memories and finding things 
you had not noticed before. Do not fancy you have seen 
all there is to see from any of these outlooks, when you 
have given just one hurried minute to its study. These one 
hundred places, in our beautiful great North American Re- 
public do not so easily exhaust the wealth they have to give ! 
If a person gets little from them, that is not their fault, but 
the fault of the careless observer. 

And these one hundred places are worth seeing, — zvorth 
repeated study and reflection, — in a great many different 
connections. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 57 

Whatever may be the special line of interest to which a 
person is most naturally inclined, a vast, varied land like the 
United States can give him abundant food for thought. 
Notice, as you look over these following pages, in how many 
different ways these one hundred places are ready to give 
any intelligent observer stores of accurate personal knowl- 
edge, and honest delight in things that were created to give 
delight, and inspiration, too — that last comes when one be- 
gins to realize the ages it has taken to make this part of the 
world and the magnificent possibilities of life to-day. 

Correspondence, in regard to desirable reading in con- 
nection with these various outlooks, is cordially invited by 
the publishers of this handbook. Books desired or books 
recommended will be supplied at their publishers' prices. 

At least fifty-one of these one hundred places are par- 
ticularly worth seeing for their natural beauty : — 

No. 

2. From Washington Monument, north. 

3. From Washington Monument, east. 

16. Natural Bridge, Va. 

17. In the Great Pine Forests, N. C. 
21. Cotton is King. Plantation Scene. 

24. "And the Palm Tree nodded to the Mirror in the Jungle." 

25. Cocoanut Trees in Florida. 

27. Confederate Signal Station, Lookout Mountain. 

30. Inclines to Copper Mines — Arizona. 

32. A wonder to the primitive inhabitants (Canyon Diablo). 

36. The sinuous Colorado (Grand Canyon). 

37. Fathoming the Depth (Grand Canyon). 

38. Beside the Colorado (Grand Canyon). 



5 8 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

39. Irrigating an Orange Grove, Cal. 

40. Avenue of Palms, Los Angeles. 

41. A Pleasant Retreat (Gardens of old Mission), Cal. 

42. Throw your head back and look up "Grizzly Giant," Cal. 

43. Troop I on trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Cal. 

44. Wawona as we drove through it, Cal. 

45. El Capitan, a solid granite mountain, Cal. 

46. Yosemite Falls from Glacier Point Trail, Cal. 

47. Nearly a mile straight down and only a step, Cal. 

48. Amidst the majestic heights of Yosemite, Cal. 

50. Cliff House and Seal Rocks from Beach, San Francisco, Cal. 

51. Looking through summer-clad boughs to Mt. Shasta, Cal. 

52. Picturesque grandeur of Columbia River. 

53. Stupendous log-raft on Columbia River. 

55. Evolution of Sickle and Flail — Wheat Field, Walla Walla. 

56. Some of America's natives (buffalo), Montana. 

57. The most famous sight in Yellowstone Park. 

58. Jupiter Terrace, Yellowstone Park. 

59. Down the Canyon, Yellowstone Park. 

61. Royal Gorge, Colorado. 

62. Pike's Peak from Peephole, Colorado. 

63. Balancing Rock — Garden of the Gods, Colorado. 

64. In the great corn fields, Kansas. 

65. Gigantic lily-leaf (Victoria Regia), St. Paul. 
72. Prize-winning sheep, Michigan. 

J2>- The world's grandest waterfall, Niagara. 

74. Wild waters of the Great Lakes, Niagara. 

75. Great mountain of frozen spray, Niagara. 

79. Famous Horseshoe Curve, Allegheny Mountains, Pennsylvania. 

80. Wall charged by Pickett at Gettysburg. 

82. Beautiful Garden Avenue in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 

83. Neptune's smiles, Asbury Park, N. J. 

84. Delaware Water Gap. 

85. Looking toward Newburg from West Point. 

86. Skirmish line drill, West Point. 






THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 59 

89. Under the Elms, Boston Common. 

90. Stately old Craigie House, Cambridge, Mass. 

91. Elmwood, birthplace of Lowell, Cambridge, Mass. 

A man has here at least twenty-five opportunities to study 
at his leisure things worth seeing for their architectural in- 
terest and beauty : — 

No. 

1. Washington Monument. 

4. Pennsylvania Avenue from Treasury Building. 

5. United States Capitol. 

7. Congressional Library. 

8. Staircase, Congressional Library. 

9. White House. 

10. East Room in White House. 

13. Gen. Lee's old home, Arlington. 

14. Washington's home, Mount Vernon. 
29. $10,000,000 bridge at St. Louis. 

32. Santa Fe train on bridge over Canyon Diablo. 

34. Village of Wolpi in Arizona. 

41. Old Santa Barbara Mission House, California. 

81. Independence Hall, Philadelphia. 

82. Avenue in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. 

87. Bunker Hill Monument. 

88. Faneuil Hall. 

90. Craigie House. (Longfellow's home.) 

91. "Elmwood." (Lowell's home.) 

92. Brooklyn Bridge. 

95. Fifth Avenue, New York. 

96. St. Patrick's Cathedral. 

97. Grant's tomb. 

98. St. Paul's and the Park Row Building. 

99. The "Flatiron" Building. 



60 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

The industrial and commercial side of the United States 
is open for study from forty-nine different standpoints. As 
you take these successive outlooks, you can readily think 
for yourself just how they bear on the general problem of 
the country's business development : — 



No. 

2. From Washington Monument past Treasury Department. 

3. From Washington Monument over Agricultural grounds to 

Capitol. 

4. Pennsylvania Avenue from Treasury to Capitol. 

5. United States Capitol. 

6. Hay's eulogy before assembled Congress. 

7. Congressional Library. 

11. The President signing bills. 

17. Pine forests, North Carolina. 

18. Rice raft in South Carolina. 

20. Cotton mill in South Carolina. 

21. "Cotton is King," Georgia. 

22. Resin market, Savannah. 

25. Cocoanut trees, Florida. 

26. Sugar levee, New Orleans. 

28. Street in St. Louis. 

29. $10,000,000 bridge and Mississippi River. 

30. Copper mines, Arizona. 

31. Cattle ranch, Arizona. 

32. Railroad constructed across Canyon Diablo. 
39. Irrigation in Southern California. 

49. Street in San Francisco (showing Spreckels Building). 

50. Pacific seacoast. 

52. Columbia River and railroad alongside. 

53. Log-raft on Columbia River. 

54. Salmon fisheries, Puget Sound. 

55. Wheat harvesting at Walla Walla. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 6 1 

61. Railway construction through Royal Gorge. 

64. Kansas corn fields. 

66. Illinois farming. 

67. Grain elevators and shipping, Chicago. 

68. State Street, Chicago. 

69. Chicago River, Chicago. 

70. Stock yards, Chicago. 

71. Pork packing, Chicago. 

72. Sheep-raising in Michigan. 

72>- Niagara (now furnishing motive power). 

76. Oil wells in Pennsylvania. 

77. Steel works at Homestead, Pa. 

78. Interior of Pittsburg Steel Works. 

79. Horseshoe Curve on railroad climbing Allegheny Mountains. 
83. Atlantic seashore. 

88. Faneuil Hall, where public meetings have often shaped legis- 
lative action. 

92. Brooklyn Bridge. 

93. Tenement region where the "sweat shop" problem is serious. 

94. Elevated railroad system for rapid transit. 

95. Homes of great capitalists. 

98. Enormous 29-story office structure, New York. 

99. The "Flatiron" Building. 
100. New York harbor. 

Any person seeing these places for himself in this way 
can gather facts in various lines of natural science — fifty- 
two out of the one hundred outlooks give such opportuni- 
ties : — 

a. Geology and Physical Geography. 

No. 

24. "And the Palm Tree," etc. (sub-tropical jungle). 

27. Lookout Mountain and the river. 

30. Copper-bearing mountains, 



62 THE UNITED STATES CF AMERICA. 

31. Great Plains. 

32. Canyon. 

33. Desert. 

34. Mesa (table-land above desert). 
36, 37, 38. Grand Canyon of Arizona. 
45, 46, 47, 48. Yosemite Valley. 

50. Pacific seashore. 

51. Mt. Shasta. 

52. Columbia River (draining seven States and British Columbia). 
55. Fertile plains of Walla Walla. 

57, 58, 59- Yellowstone Park. 

61. Royal Gorge. 

62, 63. Garden of the Gods. 
64. Fertile lands of Kansas. 
66. Rich prairies of Illinois. 

69. Chicago River, "flowing both ways." 
73, 74, 75- Niagara. 
76. Oil wells. 

79. Horseshoe Curve in railroad climbing over the natural wall 
between Atlantic States and Mississippi Valley. 

83. Atlantic seashore. 

84. Delaware Water Gap. 

85. Hudson River (a "drowned river"). 

b. Botany. 

17. Pine trees in North Carolina. 

18. Rice in South Carolina. 
21. Cotton in Georgia. 

23, 24, 25. Palm trees. 

33. "Sage-brush" in the desert. 

39. Orange trees, Calitornia. 

40. Palm trees. 

42, 43, 44. Big trees of California. 
55. Wheat at harvest-time. 
64. Kansas corn fields. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 6$ 

65. Gigantic lily leaves in park. 

66. Ploughing a prairie. 
89. Elm trees. 

There are twenty-six among these one hundred places 
where one gets interesting glimpses of different kinds of 
Americans, — not counting casual tourists nor masses of 
people in street crowds : — 

No. 
6. Statesmen and justices assembled to hear Hay's eulogy. 

11. Our President. 

12. The mistress of the White House. 

17. Laborers in pine forests, North Carolina. 

18. Rice pickers in South Carolina. 

20. Mill operatives in South Carolina. 

21. Cotton pickers in Georgia. 

22. Freight handlers in Georgia. 
26. Freight handlers in Louisiana. 

31. Cow-boys in Arizona. 

32, 33. Indians (Navajos) in Arizona. 
34, 35. Indians (Hopis) in Arizona. 
39. California farmers at Riverside. 
41. Priests at Santa Barbara. 

43. United States Cavalry in National Park. 

53. Oregon lumbermen. 

54. Salmon fishers in Puget Sound. 

55. Wheat harvesters near Walla Walla. 

66. Illinois farmer near Bloomington. 

67. Deck-hands in Chicago. 

76. Laborers in oil-fields, Pennsylvania. 

86. Cadets at West Point. 

93. Pedlers in lower New York City. 

95. Prosperous New Yorkers on Fifth Avenue. 



64 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

There are sixteen places where one has a chance to see 
widely different kinds of American homes : — 

No. 

9, 10. Home of our Chief Magistrate. 

13, 14. Homes of Lee and Washington — thoroughly typical of old- 
fashioned elegance in the South. 
23. The oldest home in the United States (St. Augustine) — 16th 
century. 

33. "Hogan" of the nomadic Navajos. 

34. 35. Adobe dwellings of the Hopis. 

40. Homes of prosperous middle-class people in Los Angeles. 

41. Home of celibate priests at Santa Barbara. 
72. Michigan farm-houses. 

87. Suburban apartment-houses of middle-class New Englanders. 
90, 91. Homes of Longfellow and Lowell — typical examples of old- 
fashioned elegance in the North. 
93. Tenement houses in New York "slums." 

95. Homes of millionaires on Fifth Avenue, New York. 

Five of these one hundred places suggest the wide in- 
clusiveness of the religious life of our country : — 

No. 

35. Kat china dance to rain-gods (Pagan). 

41. Santa Barbara Mission (Roman Catholic). 

60. Temple and tabernacle, Salt Lake (Mormon). 

96. St. Patrick's Cathedral (Roman Catholic). 
98. St. Paul's Church (Protestant). 

Twenty-nine of these one hundred places have particu- 
larly interesting and important associations with our coun- 
try's history : — 

No. 
h 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 in Washington. 
13. Gen. Lee's old home. 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 65 

14. Washington's house at Mount Vernon. 

15. Washington's tomb at Mount Vernon. 
19. Fort Sumter. 

23. Oldest house in U. S. (St. Augustine). 

2.J. Lookout Mountain. 

41. Ancient Santa Barbara Mission. 

52. Columbia River (explored by Lewis and Clarke). 

80. Wall charged by Pickett at Gettysburg. 

81. Independence Hall. 

85. Looking towards Newburg from West Point. 

86. Cadets on parade-ground at West Point. 

87. Bunker Hill. 

88. Faneuil Hall, place of influential political meetings of two 

centuries. 
90. Craigie House (Washington's old headquarters). 
97. Grant's tomb. 
100. New York harbor. 

Many of these same places are directly associated with 
the life and work of great men about whom you know. 
Think of them with this idea in mind, and you will be sur- 
prised to find how the following suggestive list will increase 
in extent. Thirty-nine are indicated here : — 

No. 
4, 5. (Washington.) A long list of our statesmen and military 
men who have frequented these very places. 

6. (Hay's eulogy.) McKinley, Roosevelt, Secretary Hay, the 

Cabinet members, the Supreme Court Justices, etc., etc. 

7, 8. (Congressional Library.) All our modern American au- 

thors and some of the leading artists as well. 
9, 10. (White House.) All the Presidents and the distinguished 

people who have been here as guests, 
ii. President Roosevelt. 
13. (Lee's house.) General Robert E. Lee, 



66 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

14. (Mount Vernon.) George Washington, and also the famous 

men who visted him here and who sent letters to him here. 

15. (Mount Vernon.) George Washington. 

19. (Fort Sumter.) Lincoln, Major Anderson. 

20. (Cotton mill.) The great inventors — Arkwright, Hargreaves, 

etc. (English), and Eli Whitney (American), also Slater, 
who set up the first mill machinery in Rhode Island. 

27. (Lookout Mountain.) Generals Grant, Bragg, Hooker. 

26, 29. (Mississippi River.) De Soto, the old explorer who first 
sailed up the Mississippi in 1541. 

52. (Columbia River.) Lewis and Clarke, who explored this very 
river, and John Jacob Astor, who planned to use it as a 
commercial highway leading to the Pacific and so to the 
Orient. 

76. (Oil fields.) The Rockefellers, etc. 

77, 78. (Homestead and Pittsburgh works.) Carnegie, Schwab, 

Frick and others. 

80. (Gettysburg.) General Lee, General Meade, President 

Lincoln. 

81. (Independence Hall.) Washington. The signers of the 

Declaration. 
85, 86. (Hudson and West Point.) Hendrik Hudson, the ex- 
plorer. Washington; Generals Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, 
Lee, "Stonewall" Jackson, Wheeler, etc., etc. 

87. (Bunker Hill.) Generals Prescott, Warren, Putnam; Daniel 

Webster (oration at laying of corner-stone). John Pier- 
pont (famous poem). 

88. (Faneuil Hall.) An almost endless list of notable Americans 

— Washington, John Adams, Samuel Adams. John Hancock, 
Webster, Sumner, Wendell Phillips, etc., etc. 

89. ("Under the Elms.") John Hancock; he used to pasture his 

cow along near here and he lived on street just off at right. 

90. (Craigie House.) Washington, Jared Sparks, Edward Ever- 

ett; Longfellow and practically all the distinguished men of 
his day, for they went up this path to visit him here. 



Lof 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 6j 

91. (Elmwood.) James Russell Lowell and the famous men of 

his time who came here to visit him. 

92. (Brooklyn Bridge.) The famous engineer, Roebling; also 

Washington, for he used to live, when first President, right 
where that pier rests now at the New York end. 

93. (Tenement regions.) Jacob Riis, whom President Roosevelt 

once called "the most useful citizen of New York," for his 
services in improving the conditions in the slums near here. 

94. (The Bowery.) Old Peter Stuyvesant, who used to go up this 

road to his farm. Peter Cooper, who founded Cooper In- 
stitute (at head of street), and started the fashion of such 
bequests. Cyrus Field, the layer of the first Atlantic cable, 
and who thought out the scheme of elevated railroads in 
New York. Charles Dickens, who made the Bowery famous 
by writing it up in his "American Notes" years ago. 

95. (Fifth Avenue.) The Vanderbilt capitalists. 

97. (Grant's tomb.) General Grant. Also ex-President Harrison, 

who laid the corner-stone. 

98. (Outlook past St. Paul's and Astor House.) The famous 

people who lived for years or were occasional guests at the 
Astor House, e.g., Thurlow Weed, Andrew Jackson, Sam 
Houston, Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, Washington Irving, 
Nathaniel Hawthorne, etc., etc., besides foreign guests, 
Dickens, Jenny Lind, etc., etc. 
100. (New York harbor.) A great many of the solid citizens of the 
United States who have made their own way since landing 
as immigrants here at Castle Garden. 

Fifty out of these one hundred places are wonders of 
their kind, and deserve special study on that account : 

No. 
1. Tallest stone structure on earth (Washington Monument). 
5. Political center of the world's greatest republic (Capitol). 
7, 8. Most magnificent library building in the world (Congres- 



68 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

sional Library). 
14. Home of the man whom Frederick the Great called "The 

greatest general in the world." (Mount Vernon.) 
19. Fort where a cannon-shot started a four years' war. (Sumter.) 
21. Harvesting part of an annual crop worth over $330,000,000. 

(Cotton field.) 
23. The oldest house in the United States. (St. Augustine.) 
27. Place where decisive battle was fought "above the clouds." 

(Lookout Mountain.) 
29. One of the largest and finest bridges in the world, and the 
greatest river in America. (Eads Bridge over Mississippi.) 

34. One of the most picturesque native villages of America's orig- 

inal people. (Wolpi.) 

35. One of the most curious pagan ceremonies now practised. 

(Katchina dance.) 

36* 37, 38- The grandest river-gorge in all the world. (Grand 
Canyon, Arizona.) 

39. One of the most remarkable feats of modern scientific agri- 
culture. (Irrigation at Riverside.) 

42, 43, 44. Three of the biggest trees on earth. (Grizzly Giant, 
Fallen Monarch, Wawona.) 

45, 46, 47, 48. Most beautiful mountain scenery in America. 
(Yosemite.) 

53. Biggest log-raft ever constructed. (Columbia River.) 

56. Wild specimens of an almost extinct species of native animals. 

(Buffalo.) 

57. Most celebrated geyser in the world. ("Old Faithful.") 
60. Center of one of the strangest religious movements in all his- 
tory. (Mormon Temple.) 

67. One of the most unique ships ever made. ("Whaleback" in 

Chicago.) 

68. One of the longest business streets in the world. (State Street, 

Chicago.) 
70. Biggest live-stock market in the world. (Stock yards, 
Chicago.) 



85 
87 



po 



THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 69 

73, 74> 75- Largest waterfall in the world. (Niagara.) 
76, 77, 78. Sources of some of the biggest fortunes ever amassed. 
(Oil wells and steel works.) 

80. Turning-point of the great Civil War. (Gettysburg.) 

81. Hall where was declared the country's independence. (Phila- 

delphia.) 

The most beautiful and historic river in America. (Hudson.) 

Where they fought one of the most important battles of the 
American Revolution. (Bunker Hill.) 

Room that has been filled with the eloquence of the most 
famous political speakers of two centuries. (Faneuil Hall.) 

Most celebrated home in America. (Craigie House, Cam- 
bridge.) 
92. Most celebrated bridge in America. (Brooklyn.) 

94. The most celebrated cheap thoroughfare in America. (The 

Bowery.) 

95. Homes of some of America's biggest millionaires. (Vander- 

bilts.) 

97. Tomb of America's greatest soldier since Washington. 

(Grant.) 

98. Tallest business structure in the world. (Park Row Building.) 

99. Most extraordinary "freak" in the commercial architecture of 

the world. ^"Flatiron" Building.) 
100. Harbor which has welcomed more immigrants than any other 
on earth. (New York.) 

Note: — Special interest in certain particular sections of the 
United States leads many travellers to wish to see more sights 
in those sections. Special tours have been arranged for many 
such cases, e.g., tours through the Niagara region, the Grand 
Canyon of Arizona, the Yosemite Valley, etc., etc. See pages 70-71 
for list. In still other parts of the country, though systematic, con- 
nected tours have not yet been arranged, a great many more places 
of interest can also be seen through similar stereographs. The 
publishers invite correspondence on this subject. 



The Underwood " Tours" of Original Stereographs are put up in 
neat, substantial cases, as indicated below, and the stereographs are 
arranged in the order in which a tourist might visit the actual places. 

Note that these are all original stereographs, not copies. 

CHINA, ioo Stereographs, descriptive book, 358 pages, in cloth, by James 

Ricalton, with eight Patent Maps and Case $17. 75 

The Boxer Uprising; Cheefoo, Taku, Tientsin (apart of the Chinese Tour). 

26 Stereographs, descriptive book and three Patent Maps and Case 4.50 

Hongkong and Canton (a part of the Chinese Tour). 15 Stereographs, 
descriptive book with three Patent Maps and Case 2.60 

Pekin (a part of the Chinese Tour). 32 Stereographs, descriptive book 
with two Patent Maps and Case 5.40 

EGYPT. 100 Stereographs, descriptive book, 62 pages, in cloth, and Case 16.60 

GRAND CANYON OF ARIZONA. 18 Stereographs and Case (descriptive 

book and Map in preparation) 3.00 

ITALY. 100 Stereographs, descriptive book (602 pages) in cloth, by D. J. 

Ellison, D.D., with ten Patent Maps and Case 18.00 

Rome (a part of the Italian Tour). 46 Stereographs, descriptive book, 310 

pages, in cloth, with five Patent Maps and Case 8.60 

NIAGARA. 18 Stereographs, with descriptive book, two Patent Maps and 

Case 3.10 

PALESTINE (Travelling in the Holy Land). 100 Stereographs, descriptive 
book, 195 pages, in cloth, by Dr. J. L. Hurlbut, with seven Patent 

Maps and Case 17.60 

Jerusalem (a part of "Travelling in the Holy Land "). 27 Stereographs, 

descriptive pamphlet, with Patent Map and Case 4.60 

PARIS EXPOSITION. 60 Stereographs with Map, brief explanatory com- 
ments and Case 10.00 

RUSSIA. 100 Stereographs, descriptive book, 216 pages, in cloth, by M.S. 

Emery, with ten Patent Maps and Case. 17. 75 

Moscow (a part of the Russian Tour). 27 Stereographs, descriptive book 

with three Patent Maps and Case 4.60 

St. Petersburg (a part of the Russian Tour). 39 Stereographs, descrip- 
tive book with five Patent Maps and Case 6.60 

ST. PIERRE AND MT. PELEE. 18 Stereographs, descriptive book by 

George Kennan, with three Maps and Case 3..15 

SWITZERLAND. 100 Stereographs, descriptive book, 274 pages, in cloth, by 

M. S. Emery, with eleven Patent Maps and Case 17.75 

Bernese Alps (a part of the Switzerland Tour). 27 Stereographs, with de- 
scriptive book and three Patent Maps 4.60 

Engadine (a part of the Switzerland Tour). 8 Stereographs, with de- 
scriptive book and four Patent Maps 1.40 

Lake Lucerne fa part of the Switzerland Tour). 11 Stereographs, with de- 
scriptive book and three Patent Maps 1.95 

iVtont Blanc (a part of the Switzerland Tour). 23 Stereographs, with de- 
scriptive book and two Patent Maps 3.95 

Zerma^'t (a part ol the Switzerland Tour). 15 Stereographs, with descrip- 
tive book and two Patent Maps : 2.60 



TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. 72 Stereographs with descriptive book and 

case $12.15 

UNITED STATES. 100 Stereographs, descriptive book, with Patent Maps 

and Case , 16.75 

YOSEMITE VALLEY. 24 Stereographs, descriptive book by Chas. Q. 

Turner, with Patent Map and Case 4.10 

The following "Tours" are not, as yet, provided with special 
maps and guide books, but the full, descriptive titles given to identify 
each outlook will be found of great practical assistance in studying 
the countries in question : 

AUSTRIA. 84 Stereographs and Case $14.00 

BRITISH-BOER WAR. 72 Stereographs and Case 12.00 

CUBA AND PORTO RICO. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

ENGLAND. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

PRANCE. >]2 Stereographs and Case 12.00 

GERMANY. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

GREAT BRITAIN. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

GREECE. 72 Stereographs and Case 12.00 

INDIA AND CEYLON. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

IRELAND. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

JAPAN. 72 Stereographs and Case 12.00 

MEXICO. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

PHILIPPINES. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

PORTUGAL. 60 Stereographs and Case 10.00 

SCANDINAVIA. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

SPAIN. 100 Stereographs and Case 16.60 

Other interesting and instructive tours can be made up from the 
large collection of original stereographs always in stock, or from new 
stereographs which are constantly being added. Valuable sets on 
other special subjects can also be supplied. For example, the life 
and character of the late President McKinley can be studied in a 
unique and impressive manner by means of stereographs which en- 
able one to stand observantly near him through a long succession of 
important events in his public career, including both his life at 
Washington and his journeys over the country. 

PRESIDENT McKINLEY. Set No. 1 . 12 Stereographs in Case $2.00 

Set No. 2. 24 Stereographs in Case 4.00 

Set No. 3. 36 Stereographs in Case, with descrip- 
tive book, 183 pages 6.50 

Set No. 4. 48 Stereographs in Case.with descrip- 
tive book, 183 pages 8.50 

Set No. 5. 60 Stereographs in a fine Leatherette 

Case with descriptive book 10.50 

The same in a genuine Leather Case, velvet 
lined, with inscription stamped in silver, and 
descriptive book 12.00 



IUAI h£ IJW 



THE ILLUMIiNATED LESSONS 

ON 

THE LIFE OF JESUS. 



DR. WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH, author of "The Boy 
Problem," has worked out, by actual experience with his famous 
class, an original, picturesque, inspiring Sunday-school Course. 

It accompanies the International Lessons. It also fits Blakeslee, 
Y. M. C. A., C. E. and all class or personal Bible courses. It solves 
these school problems: Attendance, order, interest in the Bible, real 
religious education. It introduces apparatus which makes an addi- 
tion of 

Permanent and Constant Value 

to the equipment of the Sunday School. It is practical for the most 
timid teacher, and within reach of the smallest school. 

HANDBOOK (a complete help to the lessons) 25 cents 

Send for Dr. Forbush's free descriptive circular. 
^* ^* 

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD, 

publishers, 

Fifth Avenue and iqth Street, : : : : New York City 

Branch Houses at 

Ottawa, Kansas, Toronto, Canada, 

San Francisco, Cal-i London, England, 

Bombay, India. 



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